Copper slag (CS), as industrial waste, is discarded from the copper smelting and copper refining process. It has been estimated that the global annual output of CS is more than 60 million tons per year [19], which may contain elevated levels of certain heavy metals, including Cu, Zn, Pb and As [20]. Conventionally, CS is mainly piled up …

Some physical and mechanical properties of copper slag is shown in Table 2. Air-cooled copper slag has a black colour and glassy appearance. The specific gravity varies with iron content, from a low of 2.8 to as high as 3.8. The unit weight of copper slag is somewhat higher than that of conventional aggregate.

Nonferrous metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) remaining in copper converting slag have become a global problem in copper pyrometallurgy. 1 By the end of 2020, more than 30 copper smelters were put into operation in China with an annual capacity of refined copper of 10,225 kt, ranking first in the world. 2,3 After more than 100 years of development, …

The theory of RHF key performance indicators has also been developed to reduce the copper losses in RHF slag. The RHF KPIs Theory has been applied in Mount Isa Copper Smelter. The copper losses in ...

1. Introduction. Copper slag has a dense structure and is chemically stable [[1], [2]].In the past, copper slag was regarded as industrial waste and directly dumped in the slag yard or utilized for building materials [[3], [4]].These treatments cause the loss of metal resources and pose not a high threat to the environment [5].Copper slag is an …

Metal Losses to the Slag in Smelting and Converting. 80% of the copper produced from ores worldwide originates from sulfide ores. The copper concentrate which results from flotation of the ore is typically smelted and converted to blister copper [].During smelting S and Fe are oxidized, where SiO 2 is added to form a liquid ferric or ferrous …

The results showed that copper and cobalt contents in cleaned slag could decrease averagely to 0.18% and 0.071% respectively after cleaning. 91.99% Cu and 92.94% Co and less than 38.73% Fe were ...

Such conditions include operating the electric furnace at metallic copper saturation, maintaining the %Fe in the electric furnace matte between 6 wt.% and 9 wt.%, not exceeding a slag temperature ...

In the present work, the effects of amount of coke, reduction temperature, flux addition, and furnace types on copper slag smelting in a DC arc furnace were studied. The optimum coke amount was found to be 10% of the slag weight in an open-top furnace for a 1 h reduction time in the temperature between 1703 and 1753 K. Similar conditions in a …

The metal in copper slag was recovered by flotation. ... Textural, mineralogical and chemical characteristics of copper reverb furnace smelter slag of the okiep copper district, south africa. Miner. Eng., 52 (2013), pp. 184-190, 10.1016/j.mineng.2013.06.020. View PDF View article View in Scopus Google Scholar

The leaching tests for copper slag and copper tailing were performed following TCLP (EPA, 2009), as listed in Table 5. According to the leaching test result of copper slag, all the heavy metal components are below the threshold from the US EPA (EPA, 2009). However, the leaching test results of copper tailing exceed the safe limits.

Copper blast furnaces are employed in the pyrometal lurgical treatment of low-grade copper concentrates. The function of the blast furnace is to economically smelt …

The authors further consider that under exceptionally well-controlled conditions, a copper content in electric furnace discard slag between 0.55 wt.% and 0.7 wt.% can be obtained, by...

During the pyrometallurgical extraction of copper, a significant source of copper loss is discarded slag. In 2021, the global smelter production of copper reached 21.4 million tons [], and the slag produced was approximately 2.2 tons per ton of copper [].The most considerable amounts of slag come from the smelting furnace and often …

To decrease the copper loss, a cleaning furnace (e.g. electric slag-cleaning furnace, rotary slag-cleaning furnace) is applied after the pyrometallurgical process, followed by a drain slag smelting furnace to clean the copper slag ( Shiet al., 2008; …

In this study, copper slag (CS) and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) were used to replace cement to address the low activity of CS, which limits its large-scale utilization. The dissolution characteristics, compressive strength, hydration products, and microstructure of the composite cementitious materials containing CS and GBFS were ...

Converter copper slag can be viewed as an important secondary resource for valuable metals, considering its high commercial value. The current research investigates the recycling of copper by a combination of theoretical and experimental methods. Based on a modified Stokes equation, it was determined that copper droplets …

Copper smelting slag is a solution of molten oxides created during the copper smelting and refining process, and about 1.5 million tons of copper slag are generated annually in Korea. The oxides in copper smelting slag include ferrous (FeO), ferric oxide (Fe2O3), silica (SiO2 from flux), alumina (AI2O3), calcia (CaO) and …

Direct reduction of a copper matte smelting slag from a water-jacket furnace was undertaken in this study by utilising the latent heat energy of the molten slag, thus resulting in a 'cleaned' slag by removal of the lead, copper, cobalt and zinc from the dumped slags. 2. Thermodynamic considerations2.1. The slag

In view of the non-renewable reductant resources and carbon neutralization in the process of copper slag cleaning in an electric furnace, this study proposed to use waste cooking oil as reductant to replace fossil energy. Combined with the phase equilibrium theory and experimental results, the harm of excessive magnetite in the …

Massive copper slag containing heavy metals is produced in copper making and 0.5 - 8.0 wt% Cu is lost into it, deserving to be recovered. In this study, the waste coke and gypsum were employed to clean the copper slag, the lost copper was reduction-sulfurized and enriched to the matte droplets.

This paper studies alkali activation of copper mine tailings (MT) and low-calcium flash-furnace copper smelter slag (SG), two major types of wastes from the mining industry. The effect of SG content, curing temperature, and curing time on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the MT/SG-based geopolymer is investigated systematically.

Fig. 1 displays XRD patterns for the copper slag, steel slag, chlorinated sample, and reduced sample. The copper slag mainly comprises fayalite (Fe 2 SiO 4), ferrous oxide (FeO) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4); the steel slag is mainly composed of dicalcium silicate (Ca 2 SiO 4), tricalcium silicate (Ca 3 SiO 5) and calcium ferrite (Ca 2 …

The annual slag generation from the copper smelters reached a value of 43 million tonnes copper in the year 2020 (US [ 102 ]). The contribution of Asia to the …

Secondary copper blast furnace slag was treated with carbon to derive the conditions for maximum recovery of copper with minimum simultaneous reduction of iron oxide. Experiments were carried out to study the effects of parameters such as temperature, carbon addition and CaO addition to the slag on the efficient recovery of copper. A two …

Hence, the recent trends of copper smelting invariably lead to significant copper loss in slag, which needs to be recovered by means of reduction and settling in a separate slag cleaning furnace. The reduction of Cu 2 O from slags is carried out by adding carbon/coke or by injection of various reductants (e.g., different types of oil or …

DOI: 10.1016/J.MINENG.2013.06.020 Corpus ID: 97103569; Textural, mineralogical and chemical characteristics of copper reverb furnace smelter slag of the Okiep Copper District, South Africa

Copper slag is an acid slag mainly composed of Fe 2 SiO 4 and CaFeSi 2 O 6, which is classified as solid waste in the copper smelting industry (Li et al., 2019). In China, 2.2–3.0 tons of copper slag were produced per ton of refined copper, and tens of millions of tons of copper slag were released into the environment every year ( Zhou et …

Copper slag is also a metallurgical solid waste produced during the copper smelting process; about 2–3 t of slag are produced for every ton of refined copper in China. 15,16,17 The contents of Fe and Cu in copper slags are considerable, approximately 30–45% and 0.5–3.0%, respectively, and thus recycling of valuable elements in copper …